The 27-year-old was arrested yesterday after a gun was fired at a vehicle on Yew Lane, Ecclsfield, just before 5.15pm.
Armed police were deployed to the scene and a man was arrested shortly afterwards on suspicion of firearms offences.
No injuries were reported.
Armed and neighbourhood officers remained in Ecclesfield last night speaking to residents and reviewing CCTV footage.
Anyone with information should call 101 and quote incident number 761 of February 28.